The three routes
| Route | When it applies | What you do |
|---|---|---|
| Existing lawful use | Use existed lawfully before October 1998 | Verify and register it |
| General authorisation | Use falls within published limits | Register with DWS |
| Water use licence (WULA) | Above limits or higher-risk use | Full application and technical reports |
Common Section 21 uses
- 21(a) taking water from a river, dam or borehole.
- 21(b) storing water.
- 21(c) and (i) work in or near a watercourse or wetland.
- 21(g) disposing of waste in a way that may affect water.
Where applications go
Applications cover all nine provinces and are lodged with the national department and its regional offices through the online e-WULAAS system. The regulations set a 300-day decision period for licences, though complex applications can take longer.
Common questions
How long does a water use licence take?
The regulations allow 300 days for a decision. Preparing the technical reports adds time before submission.
Does a farm borehole need a licence?
Not always. Small volumes may be covered by Schedule 1 or a general authorisation, but larger irrigation abstraction usually needs registration or a licence.
Can a water use licence be transferred when I sell land?
A licence can be transferred with DWS approval. Buyers should check this during due diligence.
Not sure which route applies?
Tell us about the property and the water use, and we confirm the route at a fixed fee agreed upfront.
Related guides
Last updated September 2026. This guide is general information on South African regulatory procedure and is not legal advice on your specific matter. Dynamic Legal Services (Pty) Ltd is a private legal advisory firm and is not a government department or regulator.